Thanks for the suggestions. Using pub med and astaxanthin:
Astaxanthin (PMID 17015959): In male mice, the "astaxanthin group showed a significant increase in swimming time to exhaustion as compared to the control group". [...] "These results suggest that improvement in swimming endurance by the administration of astaxanthin is caused by an increase in utilization of fatty acids as an energy source."
PMID 12626126: "Astaxanthin limits exercise-induced skeletal and cardiac muscle damage in mice"
PMID: 16286671: "Astaxanthin supplementation does not attenuate muscle injury following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained men." Hmm, maybe it's a better match for aerobic exercise than weight training.
PMID: 17503877: Here's a meta-study, "The role of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of resistance exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury." From the abstract, "The topic of exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury has received considerable attention in recent years. Likewise, strategies to minimize the injury resulting from heavy resistance exercise have been studied."Those nutrients include the antioxidant vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherol), N-acetyl-cysteine, flavonoids, L-carnitine, astaxanthin, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, creatine monohydrate, essential fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, bromelain, proteins and carbohydrates." Among the conclusions, "there appears to be a potential role for certain supplements (vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and L-carnitine)".
This last study was focused on "resistance exercise-induced muscle injury". I don't know if running falls into that category.
In a double blind study on Finnish men (PMID: 17685090), "levels of plasma 12- and 15-hydroxy fatty acids were reduced statistically significantly in the astaxanthin group" (they used 4 mg capsules twice daily).
Whew, lots of info. Does anyone use taurine for exercise recovery, by the way?
Stephen
Also, see
this study ("Sports Performance Benefits from Taking Natural Astaxanthin Characterized by Visual Acuity and Muscle Fatigue Improvement in Humans"). After supplementing with 6mg astaxanthin for four weeks, "serum lactic acid concentration at 2 minutes after activity (1,200m running) of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control one".